Television and Media Essay - African Americans and TV Shows :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

It is estimated that African Americans spend ab come out four to five hours more than the general public on honoring television a week. Yet still with these findings, there be only 18 shows that feature an African-American cast or lead character out of the 115 that air on the six major broadcast networks. Even with this imbalanced ratio, there are reasons why there are so hardly a(prenominal) programs featuring leading African Americans, despite the great amount of blacks that are consistent television viewers (Hall 12).   It is thought that television producers are just trying to encounter it safe by sticking to what they know and what they are used to doing. It has been hard for networks to duplicate shows that have satisfied the viewers, such as The Cosbys, The Jeffersons, and The Fresh Prince of Bel Air, Creating this variety show of crossover audience is essential in a shows success(Hall 12).   A more recent show that has been able to gain this success is The Hughleys. It is said to be plausibly genius of the best things thats happened this year according to WB Entertainment President Garth Ancier. This show is said to have wide spread appeal, and it also helps that it follows veracious after Home Improvement(Hall 12). Although following such a well known show helps out with the viewers, the show is getting more and more popular, and leave hopefully cause a change in the way networks associate black television with failure.   Even though there is at least one African American in almost every drama ensemble, you dont see any dramas with a full cast of African Americans (Hall 12). It is assumed that if one were to be put on the air, it wouldnt do well because it is something that hasnt been done before. African Americans are automatically associated with being comedians. All of the shows featuring a mostly black cast are comedy shows. This is a reason why networks would stay away from creating a drama with a full c ast of African Americans.   The industry has not authentic that people are different, says Louis Carr, executive producer of Black Entertainment Television (BET)(Hall 12). BET has done a lot for African Americans on Television. not only does it show music videos, but it has an award show where it celebrates and appreciates African American stars.

Harley davidson analysis Essay -- essays research papers

1. COMPANY OVERVIEWHarley Davidson Inc. was found in 1903 by William S. Harley and Davidson brothers- Walter and Arthur. Since then the political party has produced the most recognized motorbikes in the world. The company has been named to bands list of 100 Best Companies to work for. The company has also been ranked 3 in automotive quality behind Rolls-Royce and Mercedes Benz by Harris Interactive, a worldwide market research and consulting firm. Harley-Davidson, Inc. is the parent company for the group of companies namely Harley-Davidson Motor Company, Buell Motorcycle Company and Harley-Davidson Financial Services. Harley-Davidson Motor Company, the only major U.S.-based motorcycle manufacturer, produces heavyweight motorcycles and offers a complete line of motorcycle parts, accessories, apparel, and general merchandise. Buell Motorcycle Company produces sport motorcycles. Harley-Davidson Financial Services provides wholesale and retail financing and indemnity programs to Har ley-Davidson dealers and customers.&61553Jeffrey L. Bleustein is chairman of the board and CEO of Harley Davidson Inc..&61553There are more than 1,300 Harley-Davidson dealerships in 48 countries worldwide.&61553The company has employed 8,000 people worldwide and the corporate headquarters primed(p) in Milwaukee, Wis East Toy and Tomawauk, Wis York Pa and Kansas City, Mo. Other key business operations are located in Chicago, III. Franklin, Wis. Talladega, Ala Highland Heights, Ohio Ann Arbor, Mich. Carson City, Nev. and Plano, Tex.&61553Harley-Davidson maintains operation in strategical international markets throughout Europe, and in Brazil and Japan to support its worldwide dealer and distributor network.Source of revenues for Harley Davidson -Selling motorcycles-Harley Davidson financial service-Parts and accessories2. VISION, complaint AND GOALSVisionTo dedicate, to grow value and strengthen the brand, Harley-Davidson deliver products and deliver the services that fulfill dream s.MissionTo fulfill dreams through the experiences of motorcycling by providing motorcycles and to the general world an expanding line of motorcycles... ...buyers (increased from 2% total sales before adopting to 9% in 2003). The company found that woman more likely to purchase after taking training course&61553Financial service to make it more affordableOperationsThe companys expansion plan of its York and Pennsylvania expects to allow the company to increase production to 400,000 units by 2007.Distribution&61553Through dealerships&61553Showrooms offer a large assortment of clothing items and accessories in addition to new motorcycles&61553Dealers are responsible for(p) for operating showrooms, stock parts and accessories.&61553161 dealers in Japan.&6155350 dealers and 3 distributors in Australia and New Zealand.&615537 dealers in South East Asian and East market.fundament&61553Public listed company&61553Quality system&61553Strategy & planning are not clear

Philosphy of Special Education :: essays research papers

Philosophy of Special EducationI have known that I have wanted to become a special discipline teacher for almost three years. Over those three years I did lots of hands on experience with special education students. This past semester though I come acrossed more in a semester about special education than I have in the past both and half years. Intro to Exceptional has taught me a lot of good information about laws, rules, and regulations of special education. I believe that inclusion is necessary for a kid to prosper in society. I have in mind that it is a great erudition experience for both the special education student and their peers in the class. I think they both can learn a lot from each other. I also believe though if the student has a severe enough problem where learning in a regular fastenting would not benefit them I believe they should be placed in a setting where learning is most beneficial. Inclusion is a very good thing when it is used right where both t he special education student and their peers can both learn from each other and still not be distracted from their studies.Being in Intro to Exceptional this semester and being a teacher?s friend was a great experience. This class really helped me understand the students better. For example, in class we talked about the reward system with students. One student in my class had a hard time staying focused and getting his homework done. He always worked with me so I set up a deal with the teacher and if he finished his workbook by the time I was done with TA then he and I could have a game day. After that reward was set he did great.

“Is technology tearing apart family life? Essay examples -- Technolog

Is technology tearing apart family life? Text messaging, social networking, and online motion-picture show are changing the personal manner parents and children see the worldand apiece other. There are many technologies in todays smart world which are now being completed not just as a want, but as a necessity of life. Among many technologies that can impact family life, Smartphones and computers are the two most essential technologies that can impact family life. The functions of computers and Smartphones are not just bounded to internet surfing, gaming and assign workforcet tools, but its variety of other functions including social networking systems, online mailing, and online face-to-face video chatting are now arguably the most critical functions that have started to impact family lives on a visible level. These technologies have both positive and negative cause on family life more and more families are beginning to own their own computers, as computer internet use rs in North America reached to or so 78.3 % (Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2011), accordingly, the effects of these technologies on family life is more easily recognized. This essay will come across both the benefits and negative effects of using such technologies on family life and ultimately see out whether the positives triumph over the negatives. There are the negative effects of using computer technologies the isolation of family members, parents legal transfer their work home. On the other hand, the positives include being able to associate more easily with the use of social networking systems between relatives and family members that live away from each other. Family members get more and more isolated by the use of computer technologies. For most North American families, ... ...eting Group (March 31, 2011). World Internet Usage and commonwealth Statistics. Retrieved from http//www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm 4. Small, G. (June 19, 2009). Is Technology Fracturing Your F amily. Retrieved from http//www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brain-bootcamp/200906/is-technology-fracturing-your-family.5.Stevens, J.B. (June 21, 2011). Guest PostSocial Media and Divorces-Examining the Impact of Facebook and Twitter on Relationships. Retrieved from http//www.scfamilylaw.com/2011/06/articles/divorce/guest-post-social-media-and-divorces-examining-the-impact-of-facebook-and-twitter-on-relationships/6.Warren, L. (May 31, 2011). Video games being blamed for divorce as men prefer World of Warcraft to their wives. Retrieved from http//www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1392561/World-Warcraft-video-games-blamed-divorce-men-prefer-wives.html

Human Trafficking Essay -- Ethical Issues, Sexual Exploitation

The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 and The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Acts of 2003 and 2005 have defined sex trafficking as a commercial inner act or acts that are induced by fraud, coercion, or in which the person to perform these sexual acts are under the get on with of eighteen Blackburn, Taylor and Davis (2010). The sex industry in Cambodia and Thailand consists of men, women, and children. In order for there to be enforced labor and sex trafficking there has to be forms of illegal in-migration to these economies, though not all human traffickers are kidnapped or forced into sex work, many choose to do this work. Singh and Hart (2007) have labeled Thailand as a country of many prostitutes and its reputation derives from human trafficking and sexual exploitation, especially sexual exploitation of children. Sex trafficking is used to entice tourists to the country to please sexual fantasies Blackburn, Taylor and Davis (2010). Blackburn, Taylor a nd Davis (2010) indicate estimating human trafficking and sexual exploitation data is difficult provide. Although, it is estimated that thirty gibibyte children involved in the Thai sex trade is up to seventy-five thousand children younger than the age of sixteen working in brothels, bars, and nightclubs, and that Thailands gross income ranges in the twenty-two billion dollars. Singh and Hart (2007) claim their estimates differ from the veracity of the true number of commercial sex workers. Though similar to Blackburn, Taylor and Davis (2010) they provided that the number range from sixty thousand to seventy-five thousand to four hundred thousand sex workers in Thailand. According to Singh and Hart (2007), The World Tourism Organization reported in 2004, th... ...at beach resort near Bangkok, Thailand and many pedophiles from around the introduction come there. Since there are organizations like Fight Against Child Exploitation which influence the prosecution of pedophiles after they return to their country. The authors state the police are a part of the sex trafficking problem in both Cambodia and Thailand because brothels pay monthly payment to the police for protection, and some brothels are private owned by government, military, or police officials. The Royal Cambodian National Police attempted to develop a special unit on human trafficking and juvenile crime, because this effect produced undersized progress, the entire national police department was told to get training on human trafficking, child exploitation, ethical behavior that led to corruption, and receiving serves from prostitutes Blackburn, Taylor and Davis (2010).

Human Trafficking Essay -- Ethical Issues, Sexual Exploitation

The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 and The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Acts of 2003 and 2005 have defined sex trafficking as a commercialised sexual lay out or acts that be induced by fraud, coercion, or in which the person to perform these sexual acts are under the duration of eighteen Blackburn, Taylor and Davis (2010). The sex effort in Cambodia and Thailand consists of men, women, and children. In order for there to be enforced labor and sex trafficking there has to be forms of illegal immigration to these economies, though not all(a) human traffickers are kidnapped or forced into sex work, umpteen choose to do this work. Singh and Hart (2007) have labeled Thailand as a country of many prostitutes and its reputation derives from human trafficking and sexual exploitation, especially sexual exploitation of children. Sex trafficking is used to entice tourists to the country to please sexual fantasies Blackburn, Taylor and Davis (2010). Blackb urn, Taylor and Davis (2010) indicate estimating human trafficking and sexual exploitation data is difficult provide. Although, it is estimated that thirty thousand children involved in the Thai sex trade is up to seventy-five thousand children younger than the age of sixteen working in brothels, bars, and nightclubs, and that Thailands gross income ranges in the twenty-two billion dollars. Singh and Hart (2007) claim their estimates differ from the reality of the true number of commercial sex workers. Though similar to Blackburn, Taylor and Davis (2010) they provided that the number range from sixty thousand to seventy-five thousand to four hundred thousand sex workers in Thailand. accord to Singh and Hart (2007), The World Tourism Organization reported in 2004, th... ...at beach resort near Bangkok, Thailand and many pedophiles from around the world come there. Since there are organizations like Fight Against Child Exploitation which influence the prosecution of pedophiles a fter they return to their country. The authors state the constabulary are a part of the sex trafficking caper in both Cambodia and Thailand because brothels pay monthly payment to the police for protection, and some brothels are private owned by government, military, or police officials. The Royal Cambodian National Police attempted to develop a special unit on human trafficking and juvenile crime, because this effect produced little progress, the entire national police department was told to get training on human trafficking, child exploitation, ethical behavior that led to corruption, and receiving serves from prostitutes Blackburn, Taylor and Davis (2010).

Literary Analysis Night by Elie Wiesel

At get-go before he got deported from his home, Slight In Transylvania. He was an Innocent young boy who studied the Talmud Hilled and Bea helped them with the work. As for me, they said my place was In school (2). Since he was able to be sent to school by his family and have the chance to learn that shows that he was from a well off family. But once he entered the concentration camp, unaware of the terrors he was going to face, changed his life completely Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed (32).The life changing experiences that lie in went through in the concentration camps scarred him for life. The burning of the little children and their mothers affected him in such a way that it would stay with him for the rest of his life. Ell also turns from phantasmal to loss of faith. When he was still in his hometown he studied the Talmud l was twelve. I believed profoundly. Dur ing the day I studied the Talmud, and at night I ran to the tabernacle to weep over the destruction of the .This shows that he was dedicated to his religion and believed in God. He came from a apparitional family that taught him to praise God and show great regard towards Him. But when he was put in the concentration camp he woolly his faith in God For the first time, I entangle insubordination rise up in me, Why should I bless His name? (31). For the first time Lie stood up to his religion and rebelled. The horrible things he dictum in the concentration camps shocked him and angered him How could his god let these things happen?Before he went to the concentration camps, such a thought wouldnt Ross his mind. He was true to his god and to his religion, until the dreaded day he entered the camp. Towards the leftover of the story, Ell shows no concern of death lingering In the air. He turns from caring into Indifferent. When his father was coming towards the end of his life h e did everything In his power to keep him alive, Like a wild beast, I cleared a way for myself to the coffee cauldron, and I managed to check back a cupful (101).He tried giving his father some(prenominal)thing that would help him get better, and took It back to IM, After his fathers death nothing mattered to him anymore, It was as If he had lost everything he had fought for I had to stay at Buchwald until April eleventh. I have nothing to say of my life during this period. It no longer mattered. After my fathers death, nothing could touch me any more. (107)All his cares and wants Oligopolies rater Nils Tanner Ana let nil He Llanos even tank AT Nils parents or AT ones he lost. Even when he was rescued he felt no Joy or relief, he felt indifferent.The settings in Night help readers to understand each character and what they present. Lie turns from innocent to haunted by being taken away from a secure community and being but into a completely different and horrible environment. He also turns from religious to loss of faith by forced to believe that his god would tolerate such an inhumane act and everyone in the world was indifferent towards what was happening in the concentration camps. Lastly he turns from caring to indifferent after his father passes away. Nothing mattered to him anymore as if he had lost everything he fought for.

Cognitive & Moral Development Theories Essay

ABSTRACTThe intention of this paper is to provide an everyplaceview of the psychological theories of Jean Pi come alongt and Lawrence Kohlberg. While Piagets perspective was psychological, Kholbergs viewpoint was psychological with ferocity placed on righteous tuition and both theories will be comp atomic number 18d and contrasted in this paper. Further more than, the implications of these theories for counselling will be examined.RESEARCH ON THE COGNITIVE & virtuous DEVELOPMENT THEORIES OF JEAN PIAGET & LAWRENCE KOHLBERGJEAN PIAGETJean Piaget, Swiss biologist, philosopher, and behavioral scientist, was born on August 9, 1896 (Piaget, 2001). One of his most significant achievements was his research in growthal psychology and the resultant system in cognitive development. Although m for each one of the principles substantial by Piaget hold been criticized, the move he has made in the field of cognitive development can non be exaggerated. tally to Morris and Maisto (2008), Piaget is the most influential cognitive development theorist.Piagets segue into cognitive development started while developing French versions of questions on English intelligence tests at the Binet Institute, Paris, in the 1920s. He became fascinated with the reasons boorren gave for answering incorrectly on questions requiring logical thinking. He believedthat the incorrect answers showed significant qualitative variances surrounded by the way older children and younger children think. Hence, he made a systematic study of children, including his own, by observing and studying them playing, solving problems, and participating in general activities. He asked them questions and tested them in order to learn how they thought.His observations and studies led him to believe that children were not only receiving kat onceledge from their pargonnts and teachers, but they were also creating ideas and cognitive development is a way of line uping to the environment. Paiget found that t he differences were not attributed to the younger children being less intelligent than their older counterparts, as was the general assumption in psychology at the time. neither did they think at a slower pace than adults. Rather, they just think very differently.His interest in how knowledge develops in humans during different make ups of development led to what is popularly known as the stages theory or stage theory of cognitive development. The name is derived from Piagets description of cognitive development as four distinct stages in children, ranging from sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and stiff, beginning in a logical manner in childhood and ending in adulthood. This four-stage model shows how the mind processes pertly information encountered. Children are born with a mental structure that is genetically inherited and which evolves over time. This mental structure forms the foundation for all subsequent erudition and knowledge. Cognitive development, on that poi ntfore, is a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from maturation and experience (Singer & Revenson, 1997).According to Singer and Revenson (1997) all children will pass through and through these stages, which unfold over time, in order to achieve an intellect functioning at the adult aim. The sequence of the stages is fixed and unchange subject and children cannot skip a stage but must(prenominal) go through the stages in the same order, although at different rates. Later stages evolve from and are built on earlier stages, with the child acquiring more complex motor and cognitive skills, moving between stages in a very gradual and subtle transition. The main elements of Piagets cognitive development theory are schema, the four processes that enable the transition from one stage to another, and the four stages of cognitive development.Piaget was interested in how an organism adapts to its environment and hypothesized that human behaviours are controlled throug h mental organizations called schemata, also called schema or schemes, which humans use to represent the world and designate action. Humans also have a biological get under ones skin to obtain balance or equilibrium between the schemes and the environment and this is what drives the adaptation. Infants are born with schema operating at birth, which are called reflexes, which are used to adapt to the environment. These reflexes are soon replaced with constructed schemata, which are used throughout life as the person adapts to the environment.Piagets first stage is the sensorimotor stage, which lasts from birth to about dickens years. Intelligence at this point is establish on physical and motor activity without the use of symbols. Hence the child uses mobility, crawling, and walking to facilitate knowledge. The childs progress is visible through the modification of reflexes in response to the environment. It is at this stage that the child learns object permanence, ground that obj ects continue to exist even though they cannot be seen. The end of the stage is manifested in the immature use of symbols and language development that signals the transition to the second stage (Morris and Maisto, 2008).The preoperational stage is the second stage and lasts from age 2 to about age seven. Intelligence is demonstrated at this stage through the use of symbols, particularly the development of language. Memory and imagination are developed and children are able to mentally represent objects and events. Children are now able to think and process information in a one-dimensional fashion, having the ability to do monological, nonreversible thinking (Coon, 2006). They are very egocentric and find it difficult to see things from another persons point of view, failing to recognize any duality in conversations. The end of this stage is signaled by the childs ability to conserve number (Piaget, 2001).Piagets third stage, the concrete operational stage, is shown by the child de monstrating logically integrated thought. This stage spans from age sevento eleven as the childs exposure to, and integration of knowledge has matured and the child is able to use all three types of knowledge to interact with the environment to a relatively high degree. Operational thinking develops as the child is now able to interact with the environment from more than one perspective. Egocentric thought diminishes.Formal operational stage is Piagets fourth stage. This is from eleven years frontward or preadolescent to adulthood. Intelligence at this stage is demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts. Early in the period there is a return to egocentric thinking, however, the individual is moved to a much broader perspective and thinking beyond self (Siegler, 1991). At this stage individuals are able to think abstractly about various issues much(prenominal) as faith, justice, truth, and the nature of existence. They are also able to provide alt ernative, competing beliefs about these issues. Therefore, cognitive development becomes a pre-requisite for acquiring cleanity based upon abstract principles.LAWRENCE KOHLBERGLawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) is considered by some to be the most distinguished psychologist of recent time in the field of clean-living development. Expanding upon Piagets stages theory, Kohlberg began his lifelong work in studying cognitive moral development (CMD) in 1958 with his dissertation at the University of Chicago (Kohlberg, 1981)Kohlberg suggested that moral judgment develops through cardinal stages divided into sequences of three levels. His stage theory implies that moral changes will always move in an upward direction and individuals must progress through each stage as there is no skipping of stages. Furthermore, varying social, cultural, or religious conditions do no significantly affect the nature of our sequence and only impact the rate at which an individual will progress through this seq uence. The three levels are preconventional the first level of morality, conventional the second level of morality, and postconventional the highest level of morality.The preconventional level is open to the cultural norms and labels of right or wrong. However, these labels are interpreted in term of physical or hedonistic consequences to the individual or in terms of the authority or physical power of the enforcers of the rules. This level is divided into two stages obedience and punishment and individualism and exchange or instrumental relativist orientation. Stage 1 uses punishment to dissuade the individual from doing the action and continuing to obey the rules. That is, action is motivated by a desire to avoid punishment. In Stage 2, the morality of the action is judged by how it satisfies the needs of the person doing it. Actions are motivated by the rewards or benefits to the individual.At the conventional level the individuals moves into adolescence and the shift to form al operation thought. The focus is on maintaining the expectations of society and societal roles such as the family, group, or culture, regardless of the consequences. This attitude is one of conformity and loyalty, and level is divided into two stages Stage 3 Interpersonal Concordance or Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation and Stage 4 Society Maintaining or Law and Order Orientation. righteous behavior at Stage 3 is based upon what is approved by others and what pleases or helps others. There is a further shift around mid-adolescence, and the child moves towards respecting the governance and following the rules, as well as being a good citizen. Both stages require the ability to think about abstract values such as social order and duty and to consider the motives behind the behaviour (Morris and Maisto, 2008) 0063.Finally, the postconventional level, referred to as the autonomous or principled level, involves Stages 5 and 6 of moral development and is mainly concerned with universal principles that relate to the action done. The individual tries to define moral values that are valid apart from the authority of groups. This level also has two stages, Stage 5 Social Contract Orientation and Stage 6 Universal Ethical Principles Orientation. In Stage 5 existing laws which are created to protect individual rights define moral actions and the individual examines various values and opinions of different people before deciding on the morality of the action.At this stage the individual whitethorn consider the possibility of changing the law forreasons of social utility. In Stage 6, the final stage of moral reasoning, the individuals conscience, in harmony with the individuals chosen ethical principles defines moral action. These ethical principles include equality of human rights, justice, reciprocity, and respect for human dignity. As the individual becomes prone to his or her own ethical principles, the judgement may become innate and there is a high possibility th at the judgement may violate the laws and rules. analyse AND CONTRAST PIAGET AND KOHLBERGS THEORIESThere are obvious correlations and differences between the theories of Piaget and Kohlberg. As stage theorists, Piaget is the first to propose that cognitive development occurs over stages. He hypothesized that intellectual development in children occur in a hierarchical manner, in four stages from infancy to adolescence. Kohlberg hypothesized moral development occurring over five hierarchical stages. However, different Piaget who specifies age ranges and limits his development to adolescence, Kohlbergs theory does not specify age ranges and occurs throughout the life span. Furthermore, Piagets theory proposes that cognitive development occurs in pairing with biological development, whereas Kohlberg believed that moral development and the understanding of what is morally right or wrong stems from socialization with parents, teachers, and peers.Both theorists believed that cognitive d evelopment is influenced by the individuals social environment. Based on Piagets theory, moral development occurs in two distinct stages. Children initially believes that their parents or God dictates rules and as such, their moral judgements are based on the consequences of their actions rather than their intentions. Around age eleven, this way of thinking about morality changes as children begin to understand that morals are based on their own judgements and intentions. Essentially, children transition from a more concrete understanding of morality to a more abstract understanding. They now realize that rules are not absolute and really just ways that human beings to cooperate and coexist.Kholberg did not dismiss Piagets theory, but built upon them, offering amore clean and deeper understanding of moral development in children in a six-stage model. Like Piaget, Kohlberg believed that childrens first understanding of morality is based on rules and the consequences of their actions . He also believed that children struggled with similar issues such as relationships, individual rights, social orders, and universality over a period of time. However, his theory provides a more detailed and in-depth understanding of the moral development of humans than Piagets theory.IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELLINGCounselling professionals need to have a grasp of the basic theory and concepts of the growth periods in human development. This is not only important for the thickening, but the counsellor as well, who must be self-aware and knowledgeable about any development issues in his or her retiring(a) that may benefit from a review of the theories. Since many of the psychotherapy methods and approaches graphic symbol incidents and issues in the clients past, an astute counsellor will mentally reference the developmental stages in order to determine how the clients level of development at the time may have influenced a particular trauma. According to Colin Feltham (2006), a couns ellor who is knowledgeable about common age-specific characteristics is conk out able to provide help in assessment and the planning of and referral for therapy.For example, Piaget believed that children ages zero to seven years, who have not transitioned into the operational period, do not process the concepts of death and loss in the same way adults do. There is a lack of maturity of understanding in this area and a counsellor who is ignorant of this could transpose adult emotions such as loss, grief or anger to a young child, resulting in the child being confused. In the same way, adolescence can be a distressing period as teens and young adults transition into the Formal Operations period. They may be experiencing pressure to fit in and conform, while processing significant physical, emotional and moral changes at the time. The effective counsellor who is both informed and sympathetic will be better able to support and guide his or her client.In conclusion, significant links h ave been identified between cognitive and moral development theories and counselling behaviours. There are linksbetween cognitive complexity and empathy moral development and empathic response. Counsellors who are at higher stages of moral and cognitive development are more empathetic, usually more able to define themselves and clients in positive terms, are more likely to analyse their reactions to client in an objective manner, and are more aware of the interactive nature of the counselling relationship. That is, counsellors at higher stages of cognitive and moral development are better equipped to handle the complex problem-solving and social interaction that is required in the counselling process.REFERENCESCognitive and Moral Development 3APPENDIXTHEORETICAL simulation OF COUNSELLINGKHOLBERGS LEVEL AND STAGESPIAGETS COGNITIVEIMPLICATION FOR COUNSELLINGBehaviour TherapyPreconventional Level (Stages 1 & 2)

How the Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Digestive System Are Interrelated Essay

The function of the digestive system is to absorb and assimilate key nutrients which argon required to asseverate and regulate other systems in the body. Enzymes secreted within the digestive system have a role of breaking down food from proteins into amino acids, starch into glucose and fats into a mixture of fatty acids and glycerol. The primary(prenominal) function of the respiratory system is to inhale type O and exhale the waste product carbon dioxide. Oxygen is breathed by the mouth and nostrils into the lungs.The gas then diffuses through the alveolar walls and into red blood cells (erythrocytes). Carbon dioxide carried back within red blood cells diffuses back through the alveolar walls and is exhaled out through the mouth. The cardiovascular system has a role of circulating blood around the body. The contents of blood being circulated include nutrients, gases and waste products. The main organs involved within this process are blood, arteries, veins, heart and the lungs. How cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive system are interrelated when exercisingWhen exercising you need Glucose, oxygen and water (H2O). Thats where the digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory system are used. The digestive system dissolves food which provides the water and glucose for the respiratory and cardiovascular system, the respiratory system inhales oxygen which is diffused through the alveolar walls in to the red blood cells and diffuses the carbon dioxide back through the walls to be exhaled, the red blood cells with the water, oxygen and glucose in are pumped through the bodies arteries and veins by the cardiovascular system round the body.

New World Analysis

The world Huxley creates tells us that the only way a perfect society arse hold up is to no longer allow humans to believe in supernatural pull ins such as God and Jesus and to take away the fear of anxious(p) and getting old. Thus allowing humans no need for God. The theme of sex is looked at as Lenin tries to seduce tail end where she only enrages him to strike her naked body. The exploit of sex been euthanized and made devoid of passion and treated casually and biblically Instead of as a personal matter.The way Lenin treats sex is Just the way his come had sex, sleeping with e really man she could and this angers John because he wants no part of the world his mformer(a) comes from. He wants to live by his own rules and by go into the arms of Laminas naked body he believes he will have sinned. The theme of power and control Is used non by physical force entirely by conditioning people to follow the rules, It Is a matter of sitting not hitting states one character. Power i s a key centralize in the later chapters for it shows what must be done to create a brook late serviceman.moustache caprice is the resident world controller of Western Europe. rase though he is one of the seven people In control of the entire world in that respect Is a sense that he Is a knuckle down to his position In life Just Like everyone else. He must control all science that Is given to the public for it can be kind of subversive to the society that has been created. Mustache Mood states that science is dangerous we have to keep it most carefully chained and muzzled. Life in the Brave New World is a very straight and narrow path and for It to work correctly everyone must follow the path.When people start going out of specify and creating new inventions to help better mankind it is hindering the absolute perfection they have created. That is why science must be controlled and it only appears as If it is calm useful hardly instead it has been used up to its potentia l. The literature of William Shakespeare Is brought up various cartridge holders by John. When he is in the office with Mustache Mood they speak of Othello and how John believes the people should have access to such writings but John doesnt fully understand that they will not get the tier.Literature becomes a means of finding the self, of rebelling against conformity, and of seeking both truth and beauty, even at the cost of ignorant bliss. Mood shows John his collection of banned religious writings, and reads aloud-long passages from the nineteenth-century Catholic theologian, Cardinal Newman, and from the eighteenth-century French philosopher, Maine De Blear, to the effect that religious sentiment Is essentially a response to the threat of loss, old age, and demise. Mood argues that in a prosperous, youthful society, there are no losses and therefore no need for religion..John believes that the theme 1 OFF when any sign of pain comes over you, you take a pill. They push all of their feelings deep down and aft(prenominal) taking their soma are in a way less human. John does not manage to live amongst everyone else and moves himself to a deserted lighthouse to live off the land and suffer with the bare necessities. John inflicts pain upon himself to leans him of his sins. He tries not to have feelings for Lenin but when he visions her naked body he imagines his dead then soon after begins to whip his back to cleanse his lust for her.The mood in the Brave New World for the most part is ironic and rather Jaded. Both Lenin and John have feelings for each other but both do not know how to express and go about these feeling in a way that works for both of them. The two of them are almost a unalike species and they show how clear communication is key when speaking with someone of a different kind. It brings out anger in John when Lenin misinterprets his love for her and undresses herself leaving a feeling of angst in the air that makes you worried of what John is capable of.John later rushes to the hospital for the dying and bursts into tears when he learns of his receives succumbing death. In the hospital the nurse gets instead angry at John and says Of what fatal mischief he might do to these poor innocents? Undoing all their wholesome death-conditioning with this disgusting outcry-as though death were something terrible, as though any one mattered as much as all that Through John and his words, the mood seemed somber and terrible. His mother was dying after all. He was horrified and Just wanted to save her.He did not want his mother to die, which was understandable. On the other hand, the nurse inside the ward was more pertain about the society as a whole. She was worried about the children not being properly death conditioned. She could have cared less if Linda died or not. Her mood was worry, but not for the same reason as John. Surrounding Linda, the nurse set a mood of acceptance and inevitability. She did not even try to help her in her last few moments. Through these two characters, the author is able to convey a differing DOD on the issue of death.John felt that all that mattered at the time was his mother while the only thing the nurse was concerned about was the 6 months of death conditioning the children might have to go through again. Mustache Mood one of the 7 world leaders has an old collection of books and has read William Shakespeare. All of these writings are banned in the New World and it is quite ironic that this man has a collection of something that could destroy the world he governs. He keeps them locked in a safe Just as he keeps his past locked away no longer in use. Huxley, tells the story Brave New World in a third-person point of view.This means that the person who is narrating the story has no knowledge and has no access to the different emotions and thoughts of the other characters. He doesnt play a part in the story, maybe even a alien to the slips. He only describes the charac ters through dialogues and comprehensive descriptions or by their outer appearance but cannot look into their subconscious mind. He represents the speaker as an wise type of person. By writing in this style it allows the reader to make there own Judgments of hat works and doesnt work in this future world.The moving-picture show of John and his connection with Lenin and how they both want to be with each other Just in different worldly ideas shows that there love for each other is something out of Romeo and Juliet being from different families or in this case different worlds. Although, it is also something out of a Greek tragedy where John sees Lenin as his mother and wants to be with her solely on that basis. Linda and Laminas names are both phonetically similar looking at Huxley importance of choice of names in his stories we can see the relation. As well certain signs point to Lenin and Linda both being of beta caste.There are also connections John makes between his mother and his desired lover. In chapter 18 when he keeps thinking about Lenin he quickly distracts himself by thinking of his mom. He is integrating thoughts of Lenin being naked with images of his dead mother. Huxley links the event of Lenin seducing John and Lands death at the hospital. Lands death is what takes him away from Lenin sitting naked in his bathroom. Lenin is an expression of his subconscious desire to sleep with his mother. A play by Sophocles Sofa-I-clean allied Oedipus Oedipus the King somewhat demonstrates this Freudian theory John is demonstrating.In the play the son accidentally kills his father then sleeps with his mother. Afterwards he self mutilates himself by cutting out his eyes. John tries to kill his father figure Pope and because his mother is dead he cannot sleep with her but instead he very likely sleeps with Lenin in the orgy outside of the abandoned lighthouse. After the orgy he wakes up and covers his eyes yelling Oh, my god, my god remembering everything from the night before. John then takes the self- mutilation to the next level and hangs himself in the lighthouse.

David Walker Appeal Paper Essay

Before David footers Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the creation during the 1800s, there had non been any other type of anti-slavery documents published. Although the Appeal is directed to black slaves, its powerful moral message and indictment of white Americas hypocritical society and oppressive, brutal system of slavery is a moral message that resonates to all audiences, including whites. pushchairs Appeal calls for slaves to prove against their masters as the think abouts of reacquiring their humanity. Walker relies heavily upon religious values of Christianity, communicating strongly with rid and enslaved blacks The man who would not chip under the Lord and Master rescuer Christ, in the glorious and heavenly cause of freedom and of God, to be delivered from the most wretched, abject and servile slavery, that ever a people was afflicted with since the foundation of the world, to the defend day, ought to be kept with all his children or family, in slavery, or chains, to be notwithstandingchered by his cruel enemies. (Walker Article 1) The Appeal sent out fear and alarm throughout the white community as some states even passed laws that would sentence blacks, or even whites, to severe punishment if caught with the pamph permit.Finzsch cites to Eaton who points out that in Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, atomic number 57 and South Carolina anyone be it slave, free black or white who was caught with the pamphlet was tried and usually found guilty of inciting insurrection and it also inspired enslaved blacks to fight for their freedom regardless of the consequences (Finzsch, 5). Walkers purpose is a call for unity amongst slaves and to educate them as to their immediate need to fight back against their masters. In order to communicate his persuasions, Walker attacks the values and the veracity of the United asseverates history by pointing out the hypocrisy of the institution of slavery in a self-proclaimed province that pretended to stand fo r constitutional equality, democracy and freedom. Walker powerfully challenges these notions by raising views that were being brought up mostly as a result of scientific racism and the idea that religion justifies slavery. Any discussion of abolition was always a radical, dangerous, and illegal conversation during the times of slavery. Slavery was the horrific social, policy-making and economical system that allowed the United States to rapidly accumulate wealth, thus unjustly elevating whites to positions of immense power and privilege.When Walkerpublished his Appeal his document traveled throughout a political terrain that was controlled by whites, and these whites relied upon anti-black racist documents such as the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and Thomas Jeffersons Notes on the State of Virginia. All of these documents systematically deemed blacks as un-human, excluding blacks from political protection, and condoned chattel slavery. Walkers messa ge in his Appeal resonates in the white community of that time because it directly challenges the myths relied upon by those whites in their mythical documents. The historical opening lines of the Declaration of Independence read we hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with original unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This opening statement did not include black people, but rather it excluded them under the term that all men were not human. As the rest of the United States Constitution eventually clarified enslaved black people were not recognized as human beings and therefore were not authorise to the rights, privileges, and protection of the law.Furthermore, slavery was a legal institution under these sets of beliefs. Another one of the most influential documents of the time was Thomas Jeffersons Notes on the State of Virginia of 1781. Although Jefferson own ed slaves, he considered himself to be an opponent of slavery. Within the document Jefferson compared blacks to whites and concluded by holding that black people were inferior to whites on multiple levels. charter they not, after having reduced us to the deplorable condition of slaves under their feet, held us up as descending originally from the tribes of Monkeys or Orang- Outings? (Walker Article 1) Jefferson believed that emancipation for blacks should mean the removal of them from the United States based on the hostility that blacks would harbor to whites, Jeffersons Notes on the State of Virginia further entrenched the practice of the dehumanization of black people, something that Walkers Appeal deeply emphasizes and a message that whites and black could easily figure. In order to support his call for slaves to unify and revolt against their masters Walker challenges the ideas of political documents relied upon whites. Walker effectively uses religion to pursued whites and bl acks that the institution of slavery was massively unjust.Walker states that God and religion actually discouraged all formsof slavery. For character he states, Are we MEN I consider you, my brethren are we MEN? Did our creator make us to be slaves to dust and ashes like ourselves? Are they not dying worms as intumesce as we? Have they not to make their appearance before the tribunal of Heaven, to answer for the deeds done in the body, as well as we? Have we any other Master but Jesus Christ alone? Is he not their Master as well as ours? What right then, have we to obey and call any other Master, but Himself? (Walker, Article 1) Walker states that God is the lone master to which all humankind must obey. On these grounds Walker shuns the idea that black people must obey a white human master. Walker stands by the point that the only master black people have are God himself and not the white man. Furthermore, he brings light to the fact that the white community leave behind also h ave to answer to God for their acts of violence. Both blacks and whites can understand this religious and moral message. Not only did Walker challenge racism and the idea of religion to justify slavery, he also confronted Thomas Jefferson.Walker statesMr. Jefferson said, when a master was murdered, all his slaves in the same house, or within hearing, were condemned to death, Here let me ask Mr. Jefferson, but he is gone to answer at the bar of God, for the deeds done in his body while living, I therefore ask the whole American people, had I not rather die, or be put to death, than to be a slave to any tyrant, who takes not only my own, but my wife and childrens lives by the inches? Yea, would I meet death with avidity far Far (Walker, Article 1) Walker uses vial language to get others to understand the grotesque acts of violence that the white society inflicted on the black body and states that he would rather die fighting for freedom than be a unresolved to slavery. He was speakin g for others who were afraid and did not have a voice, and for others who just needed a backbone and needed to be supported. Douglasss rebellion narrative, The rattling(a) Slave, clearly important in its own right, is vastly different from Walker in many ways. Douglass bases his work on the mutiny led by rebel slave Madison Washington on the Creole in 1841.The narrative is powerful, but the organizational intent and style is vastly different from the approach interpreted by Walker. Douglass uses a storytelling method to make his points. For example, the international sea and Britain are used by Douglass in The Heroic Slave to symbolize freedom (see Sweeny generally) And, impertinent the aggressive and direct language used by Walker,Douglass uses softer language to make his points in a more sublime manner. For example, in describing Washington as a self-emancipating figure, Douglass states, Washington is standing erect, a smile of satisfaction . . . upon his expressive countenance, like . . . one who has just . . . .vanquished a malignant foe, for at that moment he was free . . . The future gleamed . . . .before him . . . his fetters lay broke at his feet. His air was triumphant (Douglass, Part 1).Works CitedFinzsch, Norbet. David Walker and The Fight against Slavery 2012. Douglas, Frederick. The Heroic Slave.Sweeney, Fionnghula. Visual Culture and imitative Technique in Frederick Douglasss The Heroic Slave, Slavery and Abolition, June 2012 305-320. Walker, David. Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World 1830.

A Marxist Analysis of the Accra Mall

3rd December, 2012. Marxist analysis of the Accra M each Marxist describes the power crusade between different social distinguishes in society. Marxism is further explained by certain concepts, such(prenominal) as ideology and hegemony, base and superstructure and reification. Ideology is a set of ideas or viewpoints that one social class has of an otherwise which influences the way they behave towards each other while hegemony refers to the way lot act based on the ideas or ideologies that they hold and act out regarding other classes.Base and superstructure refers to the system whereby the working class, which represents the majority of the people, is ruled by the few, the owners of the sources of production. Marxism in essence can be seen in all walks of life and in various parts of our society. The Accra mall in Greater Accra is one such place. The Accra Mall is more than serious an avenue to shop. The Accra Mall is the place to see and be seen. It is strategically located at the actually tip of the Spintex Road, at the Tetteh Quashie Roundabout, in close propinquity to a number of hotels, high end residential apartments and corporate buildings.In essence the mall caters to a certain class of people the affluent in the Ghanaian society. It contains about twenty or so shops with mostly over costd goods. on that point is a food court located right in the middle of the obtain mall with a playground for children. The malls general ambience, of money, expensive food, high end clothing and a large parking lot, usually overcrowded with insolent and expensive cars gives one a good idea of what to expect in the mall.The air of spending is further heightened by the presence of the numerous automated narrator machines (ATM) placed at one part the mall. The neighborhood and the mall in general gives a clear cut distinction of who they serve and who serves them- it caters for the rich and blind drunk that atomic number 18 served by the working class or the po or. The large parking lot mentioned earlier, constantly has a greater ratio of flashy cars to a very small number of not so nice cars. Without a doubt, it is evident that the mall is frequented by the upper classmen, or those who can afford to drive them.The price tags does not encourage the lower class to frequent the place because the products or items sold at the mall are above the financial means of a person for instance, the price of a bottle of soda at Rhapsodys, one of the restaurants is ludicrously expensive and hence caters to the high class or the middle class that can spend extravagantly. On the other quite a little a restaurant like Pizza Inn prices the goods somewhat moderately to cater to all the classes. some other case is of two supermarkets, Game and Shoprite. It is common to see people coming out Game with few items.In contrast, Shoprite prices their goods that most people could at least steal a cookie from their bakery or a little toy for their children or a pl ate of nicely decorated and somewhat tasty meals. The people in the mall fall into two categories, as society dictates the undertaking and the bourgeoisie. The proletariat is made up of the janitors, the shop attendants, security guards and basically people who are not likely to spend in the mall. The other group, mainly made up of the business men and women, doctors and lawyers are mainly the customers the proletariat.The shop attendants, the janitors and security guards search on the purchasing and patronized services of the customers, in this case the bourgeoisie, to spend at the mall, so that they can earn money. The bourgeoisie are catered to by the proletariat at the mall. They serve them at the mall and are the people who work behind the scenes to make things the way they are for the bourgeoisie to enjoy. The proletariats on the other hand are employed by the bourgeoisie and depend on them for their livelihood. At the Accra Mall, there is a general reaction by the shop ow ners and the other people, based on the way people look.People are profiled into either whether they are of high class or a low class, in other words, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The society has a way of classifying people by the way they dress. If your clothes appear trendy or fashionable enough then you must be in the upper class. The proletariats on the other hand are looked down upon immediately because they are judged to be the lower class based on their dressing and are hence treated as potential shoplifters or people up to no good. Marxism permeates all areas of our society healthcare, in education and in a number of other aspects of life. The Accra Mall is one such place.People of all sorts can be identified here, and there in lie the groups of the bourgeoisie and proletariat. There is a constant, somewhat passive struggle for power. While the bourgeoisie (the rich, upper class, wealthy customers) continue to revel in their spending and high end lifestyle, the prol etariat (the janitors, the security guards and staff in general) work wide hours to try to attain a respectful position in life, to become like the bourgeoisie. As long as the society continues to go on in this manner, Marxist theory of power struggle will continue to be relevant in explaining such conflict.

Recommendations for Auric Bank Essay

aurous margin is a modern British bank that cargons about its customers. Business at Auric Bank is constantly reviewed in order to provide customers with excellent service at competitive prices. The objective of this business report is to scrutinize different solutions to the two issues Auric Bank is currently facing. One of them is customer service improvement and the second one involves implementing a policy which go out cut the banks cost and at the same time forget boost its profits and share price.As a part of the major reorganization a look has to be spend a pennyn at the cost of customer service since Auric Bank generated a loss of approximately 1.5 billion in 2011 by investing in unprofitable areas of business. Since that time the bank has carried out a major review of its operations the main points of which are 1. Customers believe Auric Bank is charging too much(prenominal) for its work 2. Auric Bank no longer has the image of a caring bank that is close to its custom ers and understands their needs 3. The bank needs to reduce be to increase profits and price per share Today Auric Bank has 2,500 employees working in three c all(prenominal) centers located in different cities in South England. There are four solutions which the directors of the bank are considering1. The call in centers could be kept in-house2. The call centers could be outsourced to a Company based in South Africa 3. The call centers could be outsourced to a Company based in Scotland 4. The call centers could be outsourced to a Company based in IndiaPROBLEM SOLUTIONS starting pick One of the solutions is to keep call centers in their current locations in South England and reduce costs by using more part-time workers, reduce working hours of business centers and enhancing productivity by increasing the ratio of calls returned per hour. Estimated cost of running the call centers for the next five long time is 16 million. Estimated savings by introducing changes are above 3 mil lion with actual costs being equal up to 13 million. The price is really high for our cost-cutting policy. There are three positive parts of this solution1. Current employees in call-centers are ready to provide the customers with personal approach as they have been acquainted with each(prenominal) other for a long time 2. Current employees know the operations and transactions inside out and, therefore, do not need intensive fostering 3. South-English workers show that Auric Bank is an English bank and, therefore, reinforce the banks closeness to its customers Second optionAnother way is to outsource services of call-centers to a company based in South Africa. Resource Plc is a company based in Cape Town. Calculations show us that cost of the arrangement with Resource Plc to run call centers for the next five years is 8 million. This firm has an excellent reputation for its reliability and good service, and that is a crucial expression because one of the priorities in banking sp here is the pure tone of customer service. Moreover Resource Plc has a bargain of experience in running this kind of centers. We must take into consideration that Resource Plc offers good balance of costs and quality of service. It is expected that they will manage call centers more efficiently. The staff will be clever to provide the bank with new products and services at much lower costs than the UK centers and will undoubtedly conduct business truly professionally.Third optionThird possible solution could be outsourcing the call center to a Scottish company Orion Plc. Estimated cost of running the call centers for five years is 10 million. The positive part of this company is that it is a new firm with young, energetic managers, which can work almost restlessly. Second advantage is that they have some(prenominal) contacts with big companies this nub that these companies trust them. Also they are experienced in running call centers that will help to avoid confusion during wo rk. However, there withal are setbacks such as complaints of the customers about telephone lines being always busy, which does not indicate a high productivity level. Contracts with big companies can counteract the reputation and performance of our collaboration. Price of contract with Orion Plc is not relatively low, but quality of their service is not enough for this price.Fourth option operate solution is to outsource the call centers to an Indian company that is based in Bangalore. X-source India is a fast growing company that has contracts with several large US companies. This means that it does not have problems with hiring employees and operating with low costs. An estimated cost of the contract with X-source India over the next five years is 5,5 million. We must take into consideration that a lot of US companies perform cost-cutting policy through Indian outsourcing call centers. Indian employees have good qualification because the majority of them are university graduates . Indian management will provide fast and effective service and price of the contract is very low.RECOMMENDATIONS We understand that Auric Bank is the English bank, and if directors decide to relocate call centers oversea they will have some problems with laying off 2,500 employees. This fact will negatively affect the reputation of Auric Bank and of course labor unions will be against this action. Quality of service might not stay on the same level abroad, however, keeping call centers in England is too expensive. Taking all facts into consideration I would advise to relocate the call centers of Auric Bank abroad.Scottish and Indian companies have been servicing a lot of big clients. This fact, their unsafe commitment, can affect the quality of their services provided to other customers in a negative way. The call centers had better not be kept in-house because it is a very expensive solution that will not let AB focus on developing parts of business. Therefore I suggest moving ca ll centers to South Africa and collaborating with Resource Plc. The offer of this company represents an appropriate price-to-quality ratio. If AB cooperates with the South African company it will achieve its goals reduce operation costs, increase quality of services and get customer loyalty.

Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality

According to Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus, (2005) the term oddity denotes informal interest in members of ones own anatomic sex and applies to both_ _men and women. Homo knowledgeable male persons be often referred to as joyous males and homosexual females or referred to as lesbians. Gay males and lesbians hand over existed throughout history. The historical and scientific posts on homo gender have shaped the way festive individuals perceive themselves in various ways. These billets may also be beneficial to heterosexuals understanding of opposites in our world of sexual diversity.When looking at historical perspectives, religion and olden societies sexual behavior is addressed. Although bygone Greek and Roman cultures were frequently involved in homosexual relationships, the Christian religion denounced those sexual associations and make their beliefs and intentions clear that this behavior was not to continue, for example, according to the book of Genesis in the Hol y bible, the urban center of Sodom was destroyed by God as a punishment as a punishment for sexual activity with members of the same sex.The legal system became intertwined with the Christian belief that homosexualism was demonic and would punish inappropriate sex acts as criminal offenses (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). An early(a) perspective to consider is heritage. Traditionally, in many a(prenominal) cultures, there argon specific roles for the male and the female. When family is the primary social unit as we find in Latino and Latina Ameri keep culture, anything plainly the designated gender roles is not acceptable (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Interestingly enough, males suffer be sexual with other males without being considered airy (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005).Women cannot be sexual with other women though because that would be a nemesis to the traditional male dominance in that culture. Women also need to be virgins when they marry me n so any sexual acts before marriage argon prohibited. Specific gender roles in many cultures roughly the world lay the foundation for what is correct and incorrect for males and females in regard to sexual orientation. The scientific perspective of homo gender is whether homosexuality is caused by environmental influences or whether mirthful individuals be born that way.This question has been pondered byscientists for decades, nevertheless there is strong depict to support the idea that homosexuality is an inborn characteristic. Research done on both identical and fraternal twins, show that there are higher concordance rates of gay monozygotic twins. Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus, (2005) report that about 52% of identical (MZ) twin pairs were found to be concordant (in agreement) for a gay male sexual orientation, compared with 22% of fraternal (DZ) twins and only 11% of adoptive brothers (p. 312).Also, endorse has suggested that hormonal influences could be answerable f or differences in sexual orientation. Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus (2005) explain that prenatal sex hormones be creditworthy for tissues in the brain to think sexually one way, but for genital development to be the other way. Also, structural examinations on the brains of heterosexual and homosexual males have provided speculative evidence that a part of the hypothalamus in gay males is smaller than that region of the hypothalamus in heterosexual males.The scientific perspectives have helped many gay great deal acclaim to terms with themselves, which has made coming out easier. Before scientific evidence provided clues that homosexuality could be inborn, many population conceptualize that people choose to be gay. However, the scientific evidence proves that many are actually born gay. Gay people do not choose their sexuality, but rather eff according to sexual impulses that are going on within them. Gay individuals now accept themselves much(prenominal) because they are convinced that they did not choose their sexual identity, as much(prenominal) as it was given to them. many another(prenominal) homosexuals have formed organizations that are involved personally with others in sharing life stories and involved politically in achieving equal rights for gays and gay couples Although I have always been attracted to individual of the opposite sex, which means that I am Heterosexual, after learning about the historical and scientific perspectives of Homosexuality that I was not a move(predicate) of before, I better understand others who are oriented in ways that differ from mine.I smell as though learning about the history, the scientific research concerning cross-species subjects, and the biology on homosexuality can be beneficial for gentleity in order to learn tolerance for differences among sexual orientations. References Rathus, S. A. , Nevid, J. S. , and Fichner-Rathus, L. (2005). Human sexuality in a world of diversity. (6th ed. ) Boston, MA A llyn and Bacon.Historical and Scientific Perspectives on HomosexualityHISTORICAL AND scientific PERSPECTIVES PSY/265 Ana Diaz 10/20/1012 Kavita Kostek The way we status homosexuality has very much to do with how we were raised and taught depending on where we are from, our cites beliefs and what others virtually us tell us. Because of this we believe what we believe and testament stand by them unless we ourselves come to a divers(prenominal) conclusion as we grow older. I was raised a Catholic and was taught by the Bible teachings that homosexuality was wrong and allow go to hell if that is what you practiced.In this paper we will look a little at the historical and scientific perspectives of homosexuality. We will first be starting with the historical view which has much to do with what the bible teaches on homosexuality. When we look back at ancient Greece where homosexuality was rattling not that big of a deal, older men would have relationships with adolescent males right at the cartridge holder when they grew their first beards (online schoolbook pg. 28). Then we can go to Rome where there were men that were very maidenly and walked around certain parts of town looking for men to bed.In Florence which was a very Christian city had many sodomites (this is a Jewish and Christian word that signifies the connection between sodomy and the city of Sodom in the Bible which supposedly God destroyed (Genesis 19). I remember watching a movie called Caligula. This movie depicted how free the Romans were with sexual favors and bedding with those of same sex was an all-time occurrence especially male with male (online textpg. 287).Sodomy was such a natural thing but it bothered the governors at the time so they created a group called The Office of the Night in 1437 to enable its citizens to be able to accuse others anonymously of sodomy (Human Sexuality pg. 287). Once the Roman Empire ceased to exist, throughout Western Europe Christianity spread and its be liefs were made part of secular laws. Next we can take a look at homosexuals through the cross-species perspective. Biologists have watched the male-male and female female behavior of 450 species in every part of the world (Hird, 2006).Through this study they monitored the behavior of baboons and erudite that male baboons may present their rear to other male baboons and allow themselves to be mounted both because the other is dominant or for protection and favors. I think by this study they concluded that human beings are much more like the animal species than we want to be. We do have animal instincts. We will now look at the psychological views on homosexuality with looking into the psychoanalytic views of Sigmund Freud who is the originator of psychoanalytic theory.He believed that children are all open to all forms of sexual stimulation. He says that once a boy lets go of the incestuous desire for his mother he will relate with his dad and will desire women as he reaches pub erty and the same for girls when it comes to how they relate with their mothers. What Freud is saying here is that depending on the relationship between parent and child and how it manifests itself sexually has influence on what the persons personal sexual preference they will have when they mature.People are afraid of coming out and letting others know that they are gay because they are afraid of ridicule, personal injury or being ousted from their families. In the past it was much harder because there was much homophobia around. Now with all the gay activists and groups for support it is much easier. We have to be true to ourselves and if we olfaction that who we are physically is not who we really feel like then we should have to feel that we have to fell it. I grew up Catholic as I have stated and I grew up intellection that sex was between man and woman and not man-man or woman and woman.Now as I am older I know that people are just people but have different likes and that is what. Scientific findings never stirred me one way or another as to my sexual orientation. What did do it was my religious beliefs and even though I have nothing against the LGBT community I still believe that sex should be between man and woman along with marriage but I would never deny anyone else right to live life as they feel is right for them. References Human Sexuality online text .Historical and Scientific Perspectives on HomosexualityAccording to Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus, (2005) the term homosexuality denotes sexual interest in members of ones own anatomic sex and applies to both_ _men and women. Homosexual males are often referred to as gay males and homosexual females or referred to as lesbians. Gay males and lesbians have existed throughout history. The historical and scientific perspectives on homosexuality have shaped the way gay individuals perceive themselves in various ways. These perspectives may also be beneficial to heterosexuals understanding of others in our world of sexual diversity.When looking at historical perspectives, religion and past societies sexual behavior is addressed. Although past Greek and Roman cultures were frequently involved in homosexual relationships, the Christian religion denounced those sexual associations and made their beliefs and intentions clear that this behavior was not to continue, for example, according to the book of Genesis in the Holy bible, the city of Sodom was destroyed by God as a punishment as a punishment for sexual activity with members of the same sex.The legal system became intertwined with the Christian belief that homosexuality was skanky and would punish inappropriate sex acts as criminal offenses (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Another perspective to consider is heritage. Traditionally, in many cultures, there are specific roles for the male and the female. When family is the primary social unit as we find in Latino and Latina American culture, anything but the designated gender roles is not acceptable (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Interestingly enough, males can be sexual with other males without being considered gay (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005).Women cannot be sexual with other women though because that would be a scourge to the traditional male dominance in that culture. Women also need to be virgins when they marry men so any sexual acts before marriage are prohibited. Specific gender roles in many cultures around the world lay the foundation for what is correct and incorrect for males and females in regard to sexual orientation. The scientific perspective of homosexuality is whether homosexuality is caused by environmental influences or whether gay individuals are born that way.This question has been pondered byscientists for decades, but there is strong evidence to support the idea that homosexuality is an inborn characteristic. Research done on both identical and fraternal twins, show that there are higher concordance r ates of gay monozygotic twins. Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus, (2005) report that about 52% of identical (MZ) twin pairs were found to be concordant (in agreement) for a gay male sexual orientation, compared with 22% of fraternal (DZ) twins and only 11% of adoptive brothers (p. 312).Also, evidence has suggested that hormonal influences could be responsible for differences in sexual orientation. Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus (2005) explain that prenatal sex hormones be responsible for tissues in the brain to think sexually one way, but for genital development to be the other way. Also, structural examinations on the brains of heterosexual and homosexual males have provided speculative evidence that a part of the hypothalamus in gay males is smaller than that region of the hypothalamus in heterosexual males.The scientific perspectives have helped many gay people come to terms with themselves, which has made coming out easier. Before scientific evidence provided clues that homos exuality could be inborn, many people believe that people choose to be gay. However, the scientific evidence proves that many are actually born gay. Gay people do not choose their sexuality, but rather live according to sexual impulses that are going on within them. Gay individuals now accept themselves more because they are convinced that they did not choose their sexual identity, as much as it was given to them. umpteen homosexuals have formed organizations that are involved personally with others in sharing life stories and involved politically in achieving equal rights for gays and gay couples Although I have always been attracted to individual of the opposite sex, which means that I am Heterosexual, after learning about the historical and scientific perspectives of Homosexuality that I was not sure of before, I better understand others who are oriented in ways that differ from mine.I feel as though learning about the history, the scientific research concerning cross-species su bjects, and the biology on homosexuality can be beneficial for humanity in order to learn tolerance for differences among sexual orientations. References Rathus, S. A. , Nevid, J. S. , and Fichner-Rathus, L. (2005). Human sexuality in a world of diversity. (6th ed. ) Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon.

Expanded Functions of Dental Assistants

alveolar consonant abetter _or_ abettor atomic number 18 expected to discharge basic corroborative dental procedures, that is, dental procedures that have technically elementary characteristics, ar completely reversible, and are unlikely to bunk potentially hazardous conditions for the patient being treated. Some deposits require dental Assistants to be trained in a variety of grow duties. Each express differs in expected requirements. Florida and manganese are the two orders I am going to focus on.Dental Assistants in the state of Florida must have formal fosterage to perform multiple expand functions. For an individual to perform the expand functions of a Dental Assistant they must graduate from a CODA accredited Dental Assisting program provided that it allows the appropriate training in expand functions. Kaplan College in Jacksonville, FL is one of these schools. The other way a Dental Assistant that lives in Florida so-and-so perform expanded duties is if the y successfully complete a Florida Board approved expanded duties training program.Florida offers 14 expanded functions to a lower place the direct charge of a certify dentist, 18 expanded functions on a lower floor validatory supervision of the dentist and 2 expanded functions under general supervision. These expanded functions allow a Dental Assistant in the state of Florida to be a huge asset to a dental clinic. Florida offers one of the long-range lists of expanded functions available for the Dental Assistant to perform. By learning to be comfortable with the expanded functions, you are allowing yourself to learn beyond the comely assistant and excelling at your career.Some of the 14 expanded functions that are required of a Dental Assistant under direct supervision of a commissioned dentist include apply appropriate implements for preliminary charting of the existing restorations and missing teeth and visual assessment of existing oral conditions. packing and removing retraction cord. Polishing clinical crowns when not for the purpose of changing the existing contour of tooth. Selecting and pre-sixing orthodontic bands. Removing and recementing the right way contoured and fitting loose bands. Making impressions. Fabricating fleeting crowns or bridges. Cementing temporary crowns and bridges with temporary cement. Placing or removing temporary restorations. Removing excess cement from dental restorations. Monitor the administration of nitrous oxide, make adjustments during administration. Inserting or removing dressings from alveolar sockets in post-operative situations. Some of the 18 expanded functions that are required of a Dental Assistant under indirect supervision of a clear dentist include Removing sutures. Securing or unsecuring an archwire. Applying topical fluorides. Positioning and exposing dental and carpal radiographic film. Placing and removing dental dams. Applying cavity liners, varnishes or bases. Placing periodontal dressi ngs. Applying sealants. Placing and removing prescribed pretreatment separators Making impressions for study cases. Placing and/or removing matrixes. Removing periodontal or surgical dressings. The 2 functions that a Dental Assistant in Florida weed perform under general supervision include Instructing patients in oral hygiene care. Fabricating temporary crowns or bridges in a laboratory. Being an Expanded swear out Dental Assistant in the state of Florida is a recognize and challenging job. Florida offers multiple locations to receive your degree and is one of the leading states in accelerated programs. The job anticipation for Dental Assistance in Florida is very good. The average pay for an Expanded Functions Dental Assistant is amongst $14. 00 and $18. 00 an hour. Now lets take a look at the expanded functions of a Dental Assistant in the state of Minnesota.First of all, the educational requirements in Minnesota differ greatly from the requirements of Florida. The stat e of Minnesota does not recognize the name of Expanded Function Dental Assistant instead, they are Licensed Dental Assistants. To earn the status of a Licensed Dental Assistant in the state of Minnesota, a dental assistant must passing the DANB Certified Dental Assistant exam and either polish from a MN CODA-accredited dental assisting program Or Graduate from a CODA-accredited program in a state other then MN and upon MN board review of curriculum, complete additional coursework Or Graduate from a non-CODA accredited dental assisting program or complete procedure training and complete a MN board approved course in Expanded Functions in MN. You also need to pass the MN Licensure exam, pass the MN Jurisprudence Exam and apply for registration to the MN Board of Dentistry. As you can see, MN is one state that requires a lot of certification to be considered an Expanded Function Dental Assistant. I feel it is important to eff what is required of you from state to state so you are p repared as a Dental Assistant to meet each requirement before you break up to officially move.thither are 3 expanded functions that an Expanded Functions Dental Assistant can perform under direct supervision by the licensed dentist, 12 functions that can be performed under indirect supervision, 2 functions under general supervision and 3 functions under personal supervision. The schooling required in the state of Minnesota outdoes the amount of responsibilities you will perform in your career as an Expanded Dental Assistant. The average salary in the state of MN is the same as the state of Florida $14. 00 to $18. 00 per hour. It all depends on the office you work in to determine your pay and benefits.The expanded functions that a Dental Assistant can perform in the state of Minnesota differ then the expanded functions in the state of Florida. There are only 3 expanded functions that can be performed under direct supervision of a licensed dentist, 12 expanded functions under indire ct supervision and 2 expanded functions under general supervision. There are also 3 expanded functions that can be performed under personal supervision. The expanded functions that can be performed by the Dental Assistant under direct supervision include side and draw matrix bands.Fabricate, cement and adjust temporary restorations extraorally and intraorally. Remove temporary restorations with hand instruments only. This list is quite a bit shorter than the list of expanded functions that can be performed under direct supervision of a licensed dentist in Florida. The expanded functions that can be performed under indirect supervision include dress mechanical polishing to clinical crowns Remove sutures Dry root canals with paper points. Remove and place ligature ties and arch wires on orthodontic appliances. Apply topical medication. Place and remove rubber damns. Preselect orthodontic bands. Place and remove periodontal dressings. Etch appropriate enamel surfaces. Pla ce and remove elastic orthodontics. Monitor a patient that who has been induced by a dentist. Remove excess cement from inlays, crowns, bridges and orthodontic appliances.The expanded functions that can be performed under general supervision include Take radiographs. Place temporary fillings. The expanded functions that can be performed by a Dental Assistant under personal supervision include Retract a patients cheek, tongue or other parts of tissue during a dental operation. Remove debris normally created during the course of treatment. Provide general assistance to a licensed dentist, hygienist and registered dental assistants in the performance of their duties. After reviewing the expanded functions of Dental Assistants in the state of Florida and Minnesota, I am very happy to start my Dental Assisting career. I will have more responsibilities and duties to perform in a dental practice in Florida. This will allow me to show the Dentist how productive and motivate I am in my c areer.I was surprised how different each states requirement for education compared to what an Assistant can perform though, but am glad I am now aware of what each state offers. I look forward to all the expanded functions available for me in both states and I know that I will excel at them. This research project allowed me to fully understand what will be expected of me here in Florida and Minnesota.Work Cited(1) http//www. payscale. com Average state salary(2)http//www. danb. org Educational requirements and allowable functions

A review of financial reporting from a range of construction industry sectors

Annual reports have changed quite dramatically between mid(prenominal) 1970s and today. The overall amount of information given has increased considerably, and this is equally true for the financial statements and the intervention section of the annual report.New financial statements have emerged with the funds flow/cash flow statement or more recently the statement of total recognised gains and losses, and existing statements now offer a greater level of dis-aggregation.In addition to the basic financial statements underwriters expect to find schedules of contracts in progress and accurate contracts and a reconciliation of the income and the costs of these contracts to the current years income statement.Certain balance sheet accounts are unique to the construction labor costs in excess of billings on uncomplete contracts (an asset) or billings in excess of costs (a liability). using the percentage of completion method costs in excess of billing result when the billings on uncom pleted contracts are less than the income get to date.These under billings result in increased assets. Conversely, where billings are greater than the income earned on uncompleted contracts, a liability, billings in excess of costs results. Many bonding companies request some other specific information as supplementary data. A timely and detailed response can try many answers to bonding agents questions and increase the likelihood of a positive reaction to a request for bonding.The absence of the appropriate and sufficient information in the financial statements go forth give rise to scepticism and, at the very least, additional questions from the survey.As a result the TABULAR DATA OMITTED bonding agent will be seriously inhibited in his or her attempt to convince the insurance carrier that the reward outweighs the find of infection of providing performance bonds for the contractor. (Dufek, 1992)2-2- Shareholders Users of annual reports are many and varied, but it is general ly agreed that investors form one of the largest and nigh important groups of potential users (Day, 1986). It is generally recognised that information contained in company financial reports should be recyclable to shareholders in their investment activities.Yet if annual reports are to succeed in being a primary doer of communication between the business enterprise and its shareholders, they must contain disclosed information that shareholders need in order to take their investment decision (Lee and Tweedie, 1975).2-3- Disclosure of risk As defined by the ASB (1998) risk is Uncertainty as to amount of benefits. The term includes both potential for gain and exposure to loss. Risk therefore is essential to an enterprise, because it is inherent in the pursuit of opportunities to earn return for its owners.It follows that in order to understand the right way the potential for the future performance of any company investors need a proper understanding of the risks it undertakes. Thi s will be based on the following information

Pros and Cons of Kyoto Protocol Essay

Kyoto Protocol is an sweat of global community to encourage industrialized countries to lower on emissions of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions was signed in 1997 and till see to it there ar multiple debates going on whether or non it was a step to nurse a global cooperation to address current environmental issues or just a governmental inclination to take under control a free market place spot.First, the protocol is seen as a kickoff point for effective collaboration aiming to achieve global good and face temper change (Hamish McRae). The diarist is sure that the recognise has shown the commitment of countries to sacrifice their short-term needs at micro level in order to follow the long-term global environmental aims. In contrast, Kyoto Protocol is poorly designed and does non have any lead influences in perspective unlike the Montreal Protocol, which had a clear objective and clear benefits, notes the author. All things considered can help to draw a conclusion that the P rotocol is rather controversial in its future perspectives but is a significant leap of a wider global process of conservation (Hamish McRae).Second, ascorbic acid is traded like any other commodity the treaty expects the countries that do not exceed their carbon emissions limits to fail the surplus to the countries which due to their industrial needs are beyond the allocated quotas. On the other hand, carbon market has plenty of opponents ready to state that even though the carbon trading is being constantly advertized as a key solution to coping with climate change, it is just a small part of the dilemma.Tamra Gilbertson and Oscar Reyes are sure that todays climate challenges require a paradigm shift in our persuasion and approaches (3). The Carbon Trade Watch researchers state that the adoption of proposed schema was a way to make climate problems fit market solutions (9). In any case, despite its bright perspectives in reality Kyoto Protocol leaves very(prenominal) less room for adequate decisions in environment pollution control and gives a way to corporations and governments to imagine on their emissions targets.Third, it is worthy to take a look at nowadays placement and whether or not Son of Kyoto can be considered a success reaching its initial targets and objectives. The recent United Nations humor Change Conference (COP18/CMP8) prolonged the lifeline of of the Kyoto Protocol beyond 2012 keeps it alive as the sole legally binding plan for combating global warming for eight more years (Alister Doyle and Barbara Lewis).This can be seen as a constant struggle of humanity to overcome or at least control the situation with growing GHG emissions in spite of all the imperfection and criticism of the Kyoto initiative. Some of Doha decisions were questioned by Russia as well as neighboring Ukraine and Belarus asking to be allowed extra credit for the emissions cuts they made when their industries collapsed (Roger Harrabin). However, the query was not g iven a credit which left Russia no room for objection. This fact claims that there is still no unity in common decisions and universal outlook on the problem of climate change duty tour measures.On the whole, Kyoto Protocol is rather controversial instrument in global climate change arena. The deal should be taken as a serious step toward improving the future generations living conditions as well as preventing possible natural disasters. At the same time its coherence should be periodically reviewed and corrective actions taken based on the comprehensive scientific and environmental research not solely on pure calculation and monetary estimates.Works CitedDoyle, Alyster and Barbara Lewis. UN climate conference throws Kyoto Protocol a lifeline. http//www.theglobeandmail.com. 08 decline 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2013Gilbertson, Tamra and Oscar Reyes. Carbon Trading How it works and why it fails. Critical Currents no.7 (2009) 3-9. http//www.tni.org/. Web. Jan 20 2013Harrabin, Roger. UN clim ate talks make up Kyoto Protocol, promisecompensation. http//www.bbc.co.uk.08 Dec 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2013McRae, Hamish. Can Kyoto really save the world? http//www.independent.co.uk. 16 Feb 2005. Web. 20 Jan 2013

Ampex VTR organization Essay

After the second world war, the display of televisions opened way for the technological innovation of video recording. In the 1950s, there were major inventions in the video recording industry in the US and Japan. This case study involves the technological advancement in the video cassette recorders (VCRs) manufacturing industries. Six pioneering companies will be considered, namely RCA and Ampex of USA, Japan Victor Company (JVC) and Sony, Toshiba and Matsushita all of Japan. JVC, Sony and Matsushita had the competitive advantage of wariness in this industry.They stress on opportunities that were more rewarding, productively positioned their technical efforts and executed these efforts in more productively. These companies learnt the market technological demands for videocassette recorders and produced in mass at limited costs. To prove their technological competence, these firms produced equipment with utmost move clarity and consistently adhered to this. JVC was under pressu re to come up with a common standard for its products which led to the coming of VHS system. RCA engineers came up with a video recording machine moving a narrow record very fast bygone magnetic heads.At Toshiba, a recording head was made to rotate fast while the tape moved past at relatively slow speed (helical scanner). Despite these efforts, Ampex was the first to come up with a commercial video recorder. This VTR technology was patented but was soon shared out to separate companies like RCA. Ampex failed to come up with a manufacturing capability for mass production despite the high execution of instrument designs. Ampex engineers opened up the helical scanner technology for broadcast recorder but Sony, JVC and Matsushita overtook them in this technology.RCA suggested the introduction of a television magnetic tape player but this was not considered by the management until after in 1958 in the design of VTR. Sony did not employ the method of market research but or else chos e to insist on high technology and innovation. In 1950, Sony introduced the first Japanese magnetic recorder for sound and tape, followed by a TV camera and stereo tape recorder. In 1961, it unveiled the first fully transistorized VTR in the world. Matsushita was a diverse company dealing with a range of electrical appliances. To batter this companys success, the rivals developed cheaper appliances.The diversities in technology led to a need for international standards to mold this. Sony wanting to outdo its foreign rivals collaborated with JVC and Matsushita in the establishment of ? inch tape cassettes. Sony, JVC and Matsushita made strategical management of technology by learning through trials. These companies were persistent and flexible. Ampex and RCA in America lacked consistency in their strategic direction making them fail to sustain technical development. The Japanese companies had stable technical teams which ensured stability in the organization.Top managers were inv olved in making critical decisions. Ampex VTR organization was however marred with instability (Rosenbloom & Cusumano, 1987). The sanctioned VCR technology originated from the US and Europe although the Japanese industries have been successful in the industry. The success attributed to the Japanese industries was achieved by more improvements on the basic technology rather than just copying what the West had to offer. The advent of transistors, semiconductors and microchips greatly boosted the electronic industry in Japan.

Compare and Contrast the Ideas about What Happens after Death in Research Paper

Compare and Contrast the Ideas about What Happens later Death in Buddhism and Christianity - Research typography ExampleDeath is unrivaled entity which causes the cessation of these duties. Thither are many definitions of demolition in variant scriptures and religions. The scientific existence describes last as a mode when there is a permanent line of all biological functions needed to sustain a living body. The journey does not end here as there is a mention of a living after death or the origin of the afterlife across various religions of the world. jibe to the second law of thermodynamics, all energetic states in character strive to attain the most probable state thus the more disordered and the highly uniform state (Koslowski 4). As such, resurrection or gaining eternal life or Nirvana would not be assertable in a world that is subject to the laws of thermodynamics. It would be possible only in a world that is free from such physical laws. The theories on bodily resu rrection or eternal life are base on the assumptions of ontological transformation of the dead or the matter. Eternal life its depiction across religions thither are many ways by which the theories regarding after life or life after death is explained. No single belief or faith can provide an accurate concise definition to the same. Christianity and Islam speak about the existence of the heaven and the colliery as places where the dead transcend after death. Sikhism and Hindooism as well believe in the concept of reincarnation and heaven and hell. According to these religions, mavens life after death or his journey in the afterlife depend on the deeds he performs in his biological life. Good deeds get out to heaven while wrong deeds lead to hell (Ellis and White, 83). Christianity, Judaism and Islam acknowledge the apocalyptic transformation of matter and thus a realization of the afterlife (Koslowski, 4). Buddhism advocated the presence of life after death. But it does not mention the existence of heaven or hell in its religion. According to the Buddhist doctrines, human life is a daily round that consists of birth, death and rebirth. The process is a continuous one and is known as the Dharma chakra or the Samsara (Prasad, 4). According to it, living life forms a continuum of life after death that begins immediately after a person is dead. Buddhism lays great emphasis on the karma of a person. According to it, a person leaves behind his karma and his character. The force generated out of his karma brings in an entity that would be influenced by it and bear the same appetency as the dead (Prasad, 4). Afterlife as in Buddhism and Christianity Buddhism began with the teachings of Gautama Buddha to address the suffering that exists in the world. Buddhism accepts the religious philosophies of Hindu doctrines which believed in reincarnation and karma. It believes that the ultimate goal of any religious life is to attain liberation from the cycle of life, death and rebirth. Buddha said that desire and cravings for materialistic things keeps one bound to the cycle of life, death and after death. When one liberates himself completely from such material pleasures he liberates himself from the cycle and enters the state of Nirvana. Buddhism however was not focused on ultimate salvation or attaining Nirvana as the sole motive in the life of an individual. minute is said about Nirvana in the Buddhist scriptures as Buddha felt the importance of attachment, pain and sufferings. The battalion were encouraged to give alms to the needy, donation of goods and services, to chant or copy sutras and engage in activities to gain merit. This would lead them to think